CONTENTS OF #4 2006
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LYYN™ and SAAB Systems enter into a cooperation in the field of air traffic control and safety. The first result of this cooperation is the common proposal, "Advanced Remote Tower - ART", to the European Commission (6th Framework Programme on Research, Technological Development and Demonstration) together with Luftfartsverket, National Aerospace Laboratory (Netherlands) and Equipe Electronics Limited (UK).
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The purpose is to explore the concept and to test and validate additional sensors that will enhance the air traffic controllers’ situational awareness at reduced visibility conditions due to weather and darkness. The ART concept will in turn be one of the bricks in the future concept of highly automated ATM at airports. The proposal has recently made the short list. |
MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, and beyond — the selection of video compression standards just keeps growing. Here’s a link to an update on the latest developments in existing and emerging technologies, image quality, and bandwidth. Whether it’s a movie or a videoconference, parts of the image usually change slowly or keep recurring. Video compression leverages that tendency: By storing only the differences between each frame, it’s possible to squeeze video down to the point that it can be streamed over low-bandwidth networks. How low? Some cellular carriers now use H.263 or MPEG-4 to stream multimedia to customers’ phones over wireless networks that can muster only 40 kb/s. |
Summary of MPEG Compression Capability  |
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MPEG-2 is the most widely used compression method in consumer and pro applications, including cable TV and DVDs. With high resolution, editability, and searchability as embedded qualities, it’s quite appropriate for stored media archives and high-bandwidth streaming services. It’s also a fairly low coding efficiency algorithm, so the stored data density is relatively low when compared to newer compression techniques. MPEG-4 is a major development from MPEG-2. There are many more tools in MPEG-4 to lower the bit-rate needed to achieve a certain image quality for a certain application or image scene. Furthermore, the frame rate is not locked at 25/30 fps. However, most of the tools used to lower the bit-rate are today only relevant for non real-time applications. This is because some of the new tools require so much processing power that the total time for encoding and decoding (i.e. the latency) makes them impractical for applications other than studio movie encoding, animated movie encoding, and the like. |
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This drawing is a well known optical illusion. You will either see an old woman with a large nose seen from the side, or a beautiful young girl seen from behind. You can probably see them both, one at the time, but not at the same time. In both cases we see a face and that is the reason behind the illusion. Our brain is trained to recognize faces and as soon as you identify a nose it will start searching for eyes, mouth, chin and cheeks. If you look at the bright part at the left of the image and imagine that it is a nose, your brain will immediately start looking for an eye to the right. It will at the same time start looking for the mouth and other objects that constructs the face. If you instead focus on the "wart" on the old woman's nose and imagine that it is the nose, your brain will immediately find her ear to the right, and subsequently you will find the rest of the needed features to recognize the young girl. By shifting the focus from nose to nose you will either the old woman or the young girl. And even if you try hard to focus on one of the images, your brain will start swapping between the two interpretations. |
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Do not forget to forward this newsletter to friends and colleagues with a special interest in vision or image enhancement. Feel free to quote us, but remember to mention the source.
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